CVE-2026-45299: Open WebUI has Stored Cross-Site Scripting In Profile Picture

Summary

The profile_image_url field on the user profile update form accepted arbitrary data: URI values without MIME-type validation. Two distinct attack paths were independently demonstrated by separate reporters:

1. `data:text/html;base64,...` in a new browser tab (raresvis, 2025-04-17) — when a victim right-clicks a user's profile picture and chooses "Open image in new tab", the browser navigates to the data: URL and executes embedded scripts in the data: origin. Limited to social-engineering / redirect attacks because the script does not run in the application origin.

1. `data:image/svg+xml;base64,...` re-served by the application origin (Gh05t666nero, 2026-01-09) — GET /api/v1/users/{user_id}/profile/image decoded the base64 and returned StreamingResponse(media_type=<user-controlled>) extracted from the data: header. With media_type=image/svg+xml and Content-Disposition: inline, the SVG-embedded scripts executed in the application origin, enabling JWT theft from localStorage and full account takeover of any user — including admins — who loaded the malicious profile image URL.

Both attack paths share the same root cause (lack of MIME-type validation on profile_image_url) and are closed by the same fix.

Vulnerable code (v0.7.0)

backend/open_webui/routers/users.py get_user_profile_image_by_id():

elif user.profile_image_url.startswith("data:image"):
    header, base64_data = user.profile_image_url.split(",", 1)
    image_data = base64.b64decode(base64_data)
    image_buffer = io.BytesIO(image_data)
    media_type = header.split(";")[0].lstrip("data:")  # user-controlled
    return StreamingResponse(
        image_buffer,
        media_type=media_type,
        headers={"Content-Disposition": "inline"},
    )

Fix

Commit 773787c74 (2026-02-11), first contained in tag v0.8.0, applies the validate_profile_image_url field validator to every form that accepts profile_image_url (UserModel, UpdateProfileForm, SignupForm in backend/open_webui/models/users.py and backend/open_webui/models/auths.py). The validator explicitly rejects data:image/svg+xml and any non-image data URI, allowing only data:image/{png,jpeg,gif,webp};base64 plus known internal paths and http(s):// URLs. This blocks both attack vectors at form submission time, so a malicious URL can no longer be persisted to the database.

Credits

• raresvis — discovered the data:text/html-via-new-tab path
• Gh05t666nero — discovered the data:image/svg+xml-via-server-side path (the more severe origin-XSS vector that determined the consolidated CVSS)

Per our Report Handling policy, the cluster is consolidated into the earliest filing with credit to every reporter who demonstrated a distinct exploitation path.

Affected / patched versions

• Affected: < 0.8.0
• Patched: >= 0.8.0