Foundations
DNS Record
Also: A record, CNAME, MX record, TXT record
One fact stored about a name, such as its IP address, an alias, or its mail server.
In more detail
A and AAAA records hold IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, CNAME points one name at another, MX names the mail server, and TXT holds free text such as ownership proofs and email sender rules. Whoever can edit a domain's records decides where that name points.